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Born to be Sold: Start-ups as Products and New Territorial Life Cycles of Industrialization

机译：生来有待出售：新兴产品和工业化的新领域生命周期

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摘要

Territorial innovation models and policy practices traditionally tend to associate the emergence, resurgence and growth of start-ups with the development of local industries, either as industrial pioneers or as innovative spinoffs embedded in a regional production system. This approach is in line with a “life cycle” pattern of innovation and of industrialization marked by sequential waves of growth and decline, by technological renewal and by sectorial transitions. In a knowledge and financial economy characterized by combinatorial knowledge dynamics, by even shorter project-based innovations and by global financial and production networks, this approach is called into question. Through the case of Swiss medical technologies (Medtech), this paper highlights how local medtech start-ups' evolution is shaped, from its early phase on, by the corporate venture strategies of multinational companies. While the economic potential of start-ups was traditionally perceived in a longer run, they seem to be more often “born to be sold” today. New research avenues and policy issues are finally derived from this particular case to address territorial innovation and competitiveness in the future.
机译：传统上，地区创新模式和政策实践往往将新兴企业的出现，复兴和增长与本地产业的发展联系起来，这些产业既可以作为工业先驱者，也可以作为嵌入地区生产系统中的创新衍生产品来实现。这种方法符合创新和工业化的“生命周期”模式，其特征是连续的增长和下降浪潮，技术更新和部门转型。在以组合知识动态，更短的基于项目的创新以及全球金融和生产网络为特征的知识和金融经济中，这种方法受到质疑。本文以瑞士医疗技术（Medtech）为例，重点介绍了从早期阶段起，跨国公司的企业风险战略如何塑造本地医疗技术初创企业的发展。传统上，从长远来看，初创企业的经济潜力是可以感知的，但如今看来，它们往往更“天生就被出售”。最终从这个特殊案例中得出新的研究途径和政策问题，以解决未来的地域创新和竞争力。

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